Number of nozzles
The number of working nozzles that are standardly supplied with the device. Nowadays, options are quite common with both
one and
two or three nozzles in the kit; and in the most extensive sets, this number can be
four or five or even
more.
In many sets, several nozzles may have different purposes. For instance, an irrigator, in addition to its standard nozzle, might include orthodontic and periodontal nozzles. However, it's important to note that models with the same number of accessories in the kit can have different specific specializations. So, when making a choice, it's wise to consider not just the quantity but also the types of nozzles available. Additionally, there's an option where several identical interchangeable heads come with one handle. This configuration is particularly common in toothbrushes. It enables multiple individuals, such as family members, to use a single device, and such a set is usually more cost-effective than purchasing individual toothbrushes for each person.
Model of the replacement head
Models of replacement heads supplied with the device.
This information is valuable for assessing the capabilities of a specific model and for sourcing additional, spare, or replacement nozzles, particularly for toothbrushes and dental centers that naturally use such devices (as indicated in "Type"). Firstly, it's advisable to replace the heads in these devices every 3-6 months, similar to regular toothbrushes. Secondly, if each user purchases their own nozzle while sharing a single handle, it's a cost-effective alternative to buying a separate brush for each individual, although it may be less convenient. Regardless, knowing the model of the interchangeable nozzle will save you time and effort when searching for compatible accessories.
Power / intensity modes
The number of power modes provided in the device. For flossing systems (see "Type"), this paragraph takes into account the characteristics of the irrigator; data on the toothbrush (if they differ) are indicated in the note.
It's important to distinguish between the number of power settings and the number of operating modes, as these are distinct parameters. Refer to the "Operating modes" section for details on the various modes. In this context, we emphasize that
power adjustment, if available, may not be accessible in all modes. For example, in an irrigator offering two modes of operation—continuous jet and pulsation—power adjustment might only be available in the continuous jet mode.
Having multiple power settings enhances the versatility of the device. Even if a device technically offers only one operating mode, the ability to adjust the intensity of the treatment allows users to tailor the device for various tasks. For instance, in many toothbrushes, the traditional 2D brushing mode at its lowest power setting effectively serves as a gentle treatment option. However, it's worth noting that the capability to adjust power levels can somewhat increase the device's cost.
Auto frequency control
The presence
of an automatic frequency control in a toothbrush (sold separately or included in the delivery of the dental centre — see "Type").
This feature is exclusively present in sonic and ultrasonic toothbrush models, as mentioned in the "Cleaning Technology" section. The fundamental idea behind it is that the toothbrush automatically adjusts its oscillation frequency based on the selected mode. However, the specific implementation can vary. Some models operate only at predetermined frequency settings, while others offer manual adjustment of this parameter. There are also different control methods, such as the use of "smart" nozzles that trigger the corresponding mode automatically when attached. Regardless of the approach, automatic frequency control simplifies the user's experience by eliminating the need for unnecessary adjustments.
Pressure sensor
The presence of
a pressure sensor in the device — a sensor that monitors the force with which the working nozzle is pressed against the teeth/gums.
This feature is primarily found in toothbrushes, including those that are part of flossing system units (as discussed in the "Type" section), but it can also be included in irrigators. Its primary function is to prevent potential harm to the teeth and gums caused by excessive pressure during brushing. The sensor's response can vary from one device to another; some devices emit a warning signal, while others reduce the bristle movement speed, and some may even shut off entirely in response to excessive pressure.
Having a pressure sensor in such devices can be beneficial not only for individuals with healthy teeth but also for those with heightened sensitivity or gum issues. It's a highly desirable feature for maintaining oral health. However, it's important to note that in many models, the pressure sensor is not integrated into the main body of the device but is instead part of the replaceable nozzle. Additionally, not all complete nozzle options may have this function, so it's essential to verify these details separately when choosing a device.
Head wear indicator
The presence
of a nozzle wear indicator in the design of the device.
This function is primarily relevant for toothbrushes, including complete dental center brushes (as mentioned in the "Type" section). It pertains to the brush nozzles with bristles, which are prone to wear and require regular replacement to maintain their effectiveness. Neglecting to replace worn-out nozzles can even pose risks to dental health. The implementation of this indicator can vary. In some models, it's integrated directly into the nozzle, often taking the form of bristles with a special color. When these bristles lose their color, it serves as a signal that it's time to replace the nozzle. Other devices, especially those synchronized with a smartphone (as discussed below), may offer more advanced indicators. These can include a timer that monitors the depletion of the nozzle's resource or a sensor that detects critical wear by analyzing changes in the nozzle's vibration pattern. In any case, this feature makes it easy to monitor the condition of the working part and reduces the risk of missing the moment when it should be replaced.
Additionally in a set
Additional items supplied with the device (in addition to the base and attachment set).
The most popular types of such items nowadays are
charging stand,
accessory stand,
UV sanitizer and
case ; Here is a more detailed description of each option:
— Charging stand. A battery charging device designed as a stand serves the dual purpose of recharging the battery and offering added convenience for storing the device. It's worth noting that this function can apply to dental centers, even if they primarily operate on mains power (as indicated in the "Type of power" section). In such cases, the toothbrush included with the dental center typically runs on batteries, and the charging stand is typically integrated directly into the main unit of the dental center for ease of use.
— Stand for accessories. A device designed to hold various accessories, primarily interchangeable nozzles, can come in different designs. For example, in toothbrushes and portable irrigators, this device is often integrated into a charging stand, which includes both a charging socket and open compartments for accessories. In irrigators and fixed-layout dental centers, these compartments are usually built into the main unit or the lid of the water tank. In this case, the compartments are typically covered with lids for hygiene reasons, making it
...a more hygienic option. Regardless of the design, having a dedicated stand for accessories enhances the convenience of storing them.
— UV sanitizer. A device that uses ultraviolet (UV) radiation for disinfecting the device, particularly replaceable nozzles, is typically designed as a distinctive container. In some models, this container also serves as a cover or case. The disinfection process effectively eliminates the majority of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, all without the need for additional chemicals and ensuring safety as the radiation remains confined within the container. However, it's important to note that UV disinfection is not effective against regular dirt and debris, so having this function doesn't eliminate the need to clean the nozzle through washing.
— Case / cover. The device comes with a storage and carrying container, which can be either a hard case or a soft cover. Hard cases offer better protection, while soft covers are more compact and can be rolled up when not in use. Regardless, both of these accessories are highly convenient for storage and transportation. They safeguard the contents from dirt and damage, and in many cases, provide space to store additional accessories, reducing the risk of losing them. While you could use makeshift packaging for the same purpose, the provided container is typically more practical.Max. operating time
This refers to the maximum duration a device can run continuously when powered by a fully charged battery or fresh batteries. It's worth noting that this metric may also apply to models designed for mains power, such as flossing systems that include rechargeable toothbrushes, in which case we're referring to the battery life of these toothbrushes.
It's important to note that device specifications typically indicate the maximum runtime under ideal conditions, often in the most energy-efficient mode of operation (and for models with replaceable batteries, using high-quality batteries). The actual battery life can vary depending on specific usage conditions. However, this parameter still serves as a valuable basis for comparing different models. Generally, differences in the claimed operating time correspond proportionally to the real differences in battery life. For example, if one toothbrush has a stated operating time of 20 minutes and another boasts 40 minutes, in practice, their battery life (under similar conditions) will likely differ by approximately two times.
It's important to consider that, for toothbrushes, this parameter can help estimate the number of brushing sessions you can expect on a single charge. Typically, the recommended daily brushing duration is 2 minutes. So, if a toothbrush has an operating time of 30 minutes, it's sufficient for approximately 15 cleaning sessions (or more realistically, around 14 or 13).
Full charge time
The time required to charge the battery from zero to 100% in a device with the appropriate power type (see above). This parameter can vary from 1 – 3 hours in relatively simple and low-power devices to a day in advanced models with capacious batteries. At the same time, the longer
the maximum operating time on a charge (see above), the longer, usually, the time required for charging, although there is no hard dependence here.
In general,
having fast charging capabilities improves the convenience of a device by reducing interruptions in its operation. However, there is a trade-off to consider: fast charging often means either a smaller battery capacity or a higher price due to the use of specialized technologies to speed up the charging process. When evaluating this parameter, it's essential to think about how you intend to use the device. For instance, if a toothbrush or irrigator is solely used at home by one person and comes with a charging stand, fast charging may not be a critical factor. The device remains consistently charged as it's constantly on the charger, and its battery doesn't deplete significantly during one use. The time between sessions, usually around 8 to 12 hours, is more than enough to maintain a charged battery, even for devices with slower charging. However, if you plan to use the device while traveling, where access to power outlets is sporadic, it's preferable to have minima
...l charging time to ensure you can recharge quickly during your trips.