Power source
The type of power required to operate the water heater.
— 230 V (1 phase). Powered by a single-phase household main at 230 V. At the same time, relatively low-power models (up to 3.5 kW) can be plugged into a regular outlet, with higher power a special connection format will be required. However, such devices are relatively easy to supply. On the other hand, in heaters of more than 10 kW, this option is practically not found.
Also note that it is this type of power that is used by all gas and indirect models, in which electricity is required only for the operation of control circuits. The power consumption of such circuits is small, and an ordinary outlet is enough for them, as they say, “with a head”.
— 400 V (3 phases). Powered by a three-phase main at 400 V. This power format can be called "industrial", connection to 400 V is available in specialized boiler rooms, workshops and other similar places, but in an ordinary residential area it may be difficult — you will likely have to pull the wire to the street power line or switchboard. On the other hand, such power is suitable for heaters of any power. And if you have the opportunity to connect the heater to both 230 V and 400 V, it is better to choose the second option — it will provide a more reliable account of the energy consumed.
— Non- Energy independent. Water heaters that operate without power at all and do not require an electrical connection. Only gas a...nd indirect models can be energy-independent (see “Energy source”). However, not every gas or indirect heater belongs to this category.
Ignition type
The method of ignition of gas in gas water heaters.
— Batteries. Ignition from an electric spark created by a special electrical circuit powered by batteries.
Battery ignition allows you to ignite without unnecessary wires, it can be used in models that do not require a mains connection at all. However, the user has to monitor the condition of the batteries and periodically change them, but this does not have to be done so often, and the replacement itself is not difficult.
— Mains. Ignition from an electric spark created by electricity from a socket. Batteries do not need to be changed in such systems but water heaters require a connection to the mains.
Mains ignition is found mainly among gas heaters with advanced electronic control, in which power from the outlet is required for control circuits — it makes sense to power the ignition from the same outlet.
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Piezo ignition. Ignition due to a piezoelectric element — a special device that generates electricity when a button is pressed (transforms the mechanical energy of pressing into electrical energy). Piezo ignition does not require battery power, and the life of the piezo element is usually comparable to the life of the heater itself.
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Turbine. It is used in instant water heaters (see "Type"). With this type of ignition, electricity to crea
...te a spark is generated by a microturbine driven by the movement of water through the heater. At the same time, in many cases, no additional actions are required from the user — ignition occurs automatically when the tap is opened and water begins to move through the device.
Note that most gas boilers also allow traditional ignition, from a match or other open flame. This option is provided as a spare, in case of failure of the main ignition system.
